Another word for timely6/12/2023 I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. IB is supported by a NIHR Senior Investigator award. DH is funded by an NIHR Post-doctoral Fellowship (PDF-2018-11-ST2-006). AJE receives support from the NIHR HPRU in Emergency Response. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, the Department of Health and Social Care or the UKHSA. This project was supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections (NIHR-200910), a partnership between the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), the University of Liverpool and the University of Warwick. The authors have declared no competing interest. SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be associated with new post-infection gastrointestinal illness Most studies identified are at high risk of bias and of low quality This systematic review evaluates the evidence across 28 observational studies The burden of gastrointestinal illness after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection is not known Furthermore, we show the need for high-quality research to better understand the SARS-CoV-2 association with gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly as population exposure to enteric infections returns to pre-COVID-19-restriction levels.Īcute SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in gastrointestinal symptoms Our review has shown that, from a limited pool of mostly low-quality studies, previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure may be associated with ongoing gastrointestinal symptoms and the development of functional gastrointestinal illness. We also identified the presence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in historically SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals. For six studies at a low risk of methodological bias, the symptom prevalence ranged from 0.2% to 24.1% with a median follow-up time of 13 weeks. The weighted pooled prevalence for persistent gastrointestinal symptom of any nature and duration was 10.7%, compared to 4.9% in healthy controls. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Two reviewers independently identified 28 eligible articles which followed participants for various gastrointestinal outcomes after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched scientific literature using MedLine, SCOPUS, Embase, Europe PubMed Central, medRxiv and Google Scholar from December 2019 to October 2022. We conducted a systematic review to examine the prevalence of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and the incidence of new gastrointestinal illness following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. For some, these symptoms may persist beyond acute infection, in what is known as ‘post-COVID syndrome’. In this case, since everyone understands that a 9 am meeting will actually start at around 10 am, no-one is inconvenienced when everyone arrives at 10 am.It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in gastrointestinal symptoms. Some cultures have an unspoken understanding that actual deadlines are different from stated deadlines for example, it may be understood in a particular culture that people will turn up an hour later than advertised. In some cultures, such as Japanese society, and settings, such as military ones, expectations may be much stricter. Usually, a small amount of lateness is acceptable this is commonly about ten or fifteen minutes in Western cultures, but this is not the case in such instances as doctor's appointments or school lessons. According to each culture, there is often an understanding about what is considered an acceptable degree of punctuality. It is a common misconception that punctual can also, when talking about grammar, mean "to be accurate". "Punctual" is often used synonymously with "on time". Punctuality Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time.
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